스피킹 연습: 스티브 잡스 2005 Stanford commencement address

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Steve Jobs’ 2005 Stanford Commencement Address

 

 

Thank you.

I am  honored to be with you^today at your commencement from one of-the finest universities in the world.

Truth be told, I never graduated from college. And, this is the closest I’ve^ever gotten to a college graduation.

Today I want^to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.

 

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped^out of Reed College  after the first 6 months,

but^then stayed^around^as^a drop-in for another 18 months^or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

 

It started before I was born.

My biological mother  was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.

She felt very strongly  that I should be adopted by college graduates,

so everything was all set for me^to^be adopted at birth by^a lawyer and his wife.

Except^that when I popped^out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted^a girl.

So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got^a call in the middle of the night asking

 “We have^an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.”

My biological mother found^out later  that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign  the final adoption papers.

She only relented^a few months later  when my parents promised   that I would go to college.

This was the start  in my life.

 

And 17 years later,  I did go to college.

But I naively chose^a college  that was almost as expensive as Stanford,

and all^of my working-class parents’ savings  were being spent on my college tuition.

After six months, I couldn’t see the value in^it.

I had no idea what I wanted^to^do with my life  and no idea how college was going^to help me figure^it out.

And here I was   spending all^of the money my parents had saved their entire life.

So I decided to drop^out and trust   that^it would all work out OK.

It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back   it was one of the best decisions I ever made.

The minute I dropped^out  I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me,

and begin dropping in   on the ones that looked far more interesting.

 

It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms,

I returned Coke bottles   for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with,

and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night   to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved^it.

And much of what I stumbled^into   by following my curiosity and intuition turned^out^to be priceless later^on.

 

Let me give you one example:

Reed College at^that^time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.

Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.

Because I had dropped^out and didn’t have to take the normal classes,

I decided^to take a calligraphy class to learn how^to^do this.

I learned^about serif and sans serif typefaces,  about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.

It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle   in a way that science can’t capture, and I found^it fascinating.

 

None of this   had even a hope of any practical application  in my life.

But 10 years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.

And we designed it all  into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography.

If I had never dropped in on that single course in college,

the Mac would^have never had multiple typefaces^or proportionally spaced fonts.

And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them.

If I had never dropped out, I would^have never dropped in on this calligraphy class,

and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.

Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.

But it was very, very clear looking backward 10 years later.

 

Again, you can’t connect^the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backward.

So you have to trust  that^the dots will somehow connect  in your future.

You have to trust^in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.

Because believing   that the dots will connect down the road   will give you the confidence to follow^your heart. 

Even when it leads you   off the well worn path.    And that will make all difference.

 

 

My second story is about love  and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do  early in life.

Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20.

We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage  into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees.

We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.

And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started?

Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented  to run the company with me,

and for the first year^or so things went well.

But then our visions of the future began to diverge  and eventually we had^a falling^out.

When we did, our Board of Directors sided^with him. And so^at 30 I was out. And very publicly out.

What had been the focus^of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

 

I really didn’t know what to do for a few months.

I felt^that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down 

— that I had dropped^the baton as it was being passed to me.

I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.

I was^a very public failure, and I even thought^about running^away from the valley.

But something slowly began to dawn^on me — I still loved  what I did.

The turn^of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.

I had been rejected, but I was still^in love. And so I decided to start over.

 

I didn’t see it then,

but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.

The heaviness of being successful   was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again,

less sure about everything. It freed me^to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

 

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.

Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story,

and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.

In a remarkable turn^of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple,

and the technology we developed^at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance.

And Laurene and I  have a wonderful family together.

 

I’m pretty sure  none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple.

It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed^it.

Sometimes life hits^you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith.

I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going  was that I loved what I did.

You’ve got to find what you love. And that is^as true   for your work as^it is for your lovers.

Your work^is going to fill^a large part of your life,

and the only way to be truly satisfied^is to do what you believe is great work.

And the only way to do great work   is to love what you do.

If you haven’t found^it yet, keep looking. And, don’t settle.

As^with all matters of the heart,  you’ll know when you find it.

And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better   as the years roll on.

So keep looking. Don’t settle.

 

 

My third story is about death.

When I was 17, I read a quote  that went something like

: “If you live each day  as if^it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly  be right.”

It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years,

I have looked^in the mirror every morning and asked myself

: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want^to do  what I am about to do today?”

And whenever the answer has been “No”  for too many days in a row, I know I need^to change something.

 

Remembering that I’ll be dead soon^is the most important^tool I’ve ever encountered to help me  make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure — these things just fall^away in the face^of death, leaving only what is truly important.

Remembering that you are going to die  is the best way I know  to avoid the trap^of thinking  you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason  not to follow^your heart.

 

About^a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.

I had^a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and^it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.

I didn’t even know what^a pancreas was.

The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer  that is incurable,

and that I should expect^to live no longer  than three to six months.

My doctor advised me^to go home   and get my affairs^in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare^to die.

It means to try^to tell your kids everything you thought  you’d have the next 10 years to tell them  in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up  so that^it will be as easy^as possible for your family.

It means to say your goodbyes.

 

I lived^with that diagnosis^all day.

Later that evening   I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat,

through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells  from the tumor.

I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me  that when they viewed^the cells under^a microscope

the doctors started crying because it turned^out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer

-that is curable with surgery.

I had the surgery and thankfully, I’m fine now.

 

This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get  for^a few more decades.

Having lived through it,

I can now say this to you  with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

No one wants^to die. Even people who want^to go^to heaven don’t want^to die to get there.

And yet  death^is the destination we all share.

No one has ever escaped^it. And that^is as^it should be, because Death  is very likely the single best invention of Life. It's Life’s change agent. It clears out the old   to make way for the new.

Right now  the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old  and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.

 

Your time^is limited, so don’t waste^it  living someone else’s life.

Don’t be trapped by dogma — which^is living with the results^of other people’s thinking.

Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions  drown^out your own inner voice.

And most important, have the courage to follow^your heart and intuition.

They somehow already know  what you truly want^to become. Everything else   is secondary.

 

When I was young, there was^an amazing publication called^The Whole Earth Catalog,

which was one of the bibles^of my generation.

It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand  not far from here in Menlo Park,

and he brought^it to life with his poetic touch.

This was^in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so^it^was all made with typewriters, scissors and Polaroid cameras.

It was sort^of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along

: It was idealistic, and overflowing with neat^tools and great notions.

Stewart and his team put^out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog,

and then when^it had run its course, they put out a final issue.

It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.

On the back cover^of their final issue was^a photograph^of^an early morning country road,

the kind^you might find^yourself hitchhiking^on if you were so adventurous.

Beneath^it  were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”

It was their farewell message^as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

And I have always wished that  for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

 

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

Thank you all very much.